Hi there,
Let's put some muscles on that face we just learned the bones of during last class.
Please print or download the Class Notes provided below. I also suggest you print the Preview Questions. Then, watch the Lecture Videos and answer the questions. When you are done, email me the answers to docmuli@hotmail.com. Please do so before class to receive credit for your work.
Class Notes:
Facial Muscles (full pager)
Facial Muscles (2 per page)
Facial Muscles (3 per page)
Lecture Videos:
Preview Questions:
(printable version)
6.1
Muscles contract and bring points of attachment closer to one another.
We easily understand that when they move bones around and make us be able to
manipulate our environment. Chewing is actually such a function in the face
as those muscles pull the mandible into the maxilla to bring the teeth
together. Other
facial muscles attach to skin and help us make facial expressions. List
different ways of how humans use facial expressions?
6.2.
Certain facial expressions are universal; they are found even in tribes
that have never seen outsiders. Fundamental emotions are expressed with facial
muscles. It’s even been shown that when we inject Botox (a nerve poison) into
the anger expressing muscle, we don’t just loose the frown between our eyes,
but we also change of how we process anger internally; that’s deep! I don’t
think we consider that when we’re trying to simply improve on our beauty! What
are the seven universal facial expressions?
6.3.
A muscle has a few attachment points (at least two). One end anchors it
to a stable area that doesn’t move when it contracts; it’s called
an origin. The other end moves a bone, or in the case of facial muscles, the
skin. What is that end called?
6.4.
Considering the face, all the muscles (except for the chewing ones) pull
either on the eyes, mouth, or nose. In terms of the eyes, we need to be able to
close them,
make
them wide, raise them (and the eyelid) up, and pull them together medially, as
in furrowing. We have four different muscles doing the different motions (or
technically called actions). The muscle names, which you have to remember for
the test, give us an idea of either where the muscle is, how it looks, or what
it does. After learning the names of the bones in the skull, can you think of
the name they could give a muscle that covers the forehead?
6.5.
Lifting or raising the eyebrows is needed to express surprise and fear.
We often also open the eyes as much as possible with a muscle that pulls the
eyelid up and back. What is that muscle called?
6.6.
The word corrugate means ‘to wrinkle’. We have a
muscle that
does that in the forehead to help us express anger, or keep the sun out of our
eyes. Which muscle am I talking about?
6.7.
Surrounding an eye is a round muscle; we also have one of them around
the mouth. It helps us close the eyes, and also pulls the corner’s laterally
(or to the side), helping us smile when we’re really happy. What muscle is
this?
6.8. Let’s next discuss
the two muscles helping us move the nose around. We have to be able to lift the
corners up and compress it’s bridge. They concern themselves mainly with the
anger and disgust emotions. One of them has the longest name indicating what it
does and where it is: upper elevator of the lip / wing of the nose. Can you
write down that muscles name slowly and analyze the words as much as possible.
6.9. The other ’nose muscle’ name is
much easier (God have mercy!). What is it?
6.10. That brings us to the muscles of the mouth. There are many. Just think of
all the motions a mouth has to do. The lips need to move up and down. The mouth
as a whole needs to open and close, it’s corners pulled up/down, as well as to
the side. ’Levator’ means elevate, ‘depressor’ pull down, and ’labii’ means
lip. What muscle lifts the upper lip to express anger, disgust, or even
contempt?
6.11. Which two muscles depress the lips? One does the entire one in order to
’pout’, and the other one pulls down the corners to express sadness.
6.12. On the other hand, to express happiness, we lift the corners of the mouth
up. What muscle does that?
6.13. The buccinator muscle gives us dimples. It is well developed when we are
first born and mainly nurse. It also compresses the cheeks. On top of it is a
small sliver of muscle that help pull the corners of the mouth to the side. It
helps express fear. What is that muscle called?
6.14. A muscle surrounding the mouth helps us close it. It also protrudes the
lips, so that we can give each other a kiss. What is that muscle called?
6.15. The mentalis muscle in front of the chin and wrinkles it. And lastly,
there is a muscle covering the front of our necks keeping it nice and smooth.
That muscle also helps pull the lower jaw down to open our mouth. What is it
called?
6.16. Enough of facial expressions; chewing is the other vital job muscles in
this area have! Four of them help us. Two we can see from the outside and the
others are hidden behind the side of the mandible. Can you name the ones on the
outside?
Please email me the answers before class begins to docmuli@hotmail.com in order to get credit for it.
During the LAB, you will be drawing the muscles life size onto the large paper we've started during the last session. Here is the Term List that spells out which terms I like for you to know and study.
As with the skull and all the lessons during this middle section of the class, please watch the videos ahead of class and label the muscles discussed to your best ability on this picture handout (click here!).
Here is an audio of the in-class discussion:
Here are the LAB videos of me showing the terms on the models we use in class as well as for the test.
This used to be my old homework, which I liked, but it is not mandatory.